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- ;;; help.el --- help commands for Emacs
-
- ;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Maintainer: FSF
- ;; Keywords: help, internal
-
- ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
- ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
- ;;; Commentary:
-
- ;; This code implements GNU Emac's on-line help system, the one invoked by
- ;;`M-x help-for-help'.
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- ;; Get the macro make-help-screen when this is compiled,
- ;; or run interpreted, but not when the compiled code is loaded.
- (eval-when-compile (require 'help-macro))
-
- (defvar help-map (make-sparse-keymap)
- "Keymap for characters following the Help key.")
-
- (defvar help-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)
- "Keymap for help mode.")
-
- (define-key global-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-command)
- (define-key global-map [help] 'help-command)
- (define-key global-map [f1] 'help-command)
- (fset 'help-command help-map)
-
- (define-key help-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-for-help)
- (define-key help-map [help] 'help-for-help)
- (define-key help-map [f1] 'help-for-help)
- (define-key help-map "?" 'help-for-help)
-
- (define-key help-map "\C-c" 'describe-copying)
- (define-key help-map "\C-d" 'describe-distribution)
- (define-key help-map "\C-w" 'describe-no-warranty)
- (define-key help-map "\C-p" 'describe-project)
- (define-key help-map "a" 'command-apropos)
-
- (define-key help-map "b" 'describe-bindings)
-
- (define-key help-map "c" 'describe-key-briefly)
- (define-key help-map "k" 'describe-key)
-
- (define-key help-map "d" 'describe-function)
- (define-key help-map "f" 'describe-function)
-
- (define-key help-map "F" 'view-emacs-FAQ)
-
- (define-key help-map "i" 'info)
- (define-key help-map "\C-f" 'Info-goto-emacs-command-node)
- (define-key help-map "\C-k" 'Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node)
-
- (define-key help-map "l" 'view-lossage)
-
- (define-key help-map "m" 'describe-mode)
-
- (define-key help-map "\C-n" 'view-emacs-news)
- (define-key help-map "n" 'view-emacs-news)
-
- (define-key help-map "p" 'finder-by-keyword)
- (autoload 'finder-by-keyword "finder"
- "Find packages matching a given keyword." t)
-
- (define-key help-map "s" 'describe-syntax)
-
- (define-key help-map "t" 'help-with-tutorial)
-
- (define-key help-map "w" 'where-is)
-
- (define-key help-map "v" 'describe-variable)
-
- (define-key help-map "q" 'help-quit)
-
- (defvar help-font-lock-keywords
- (eval-when-compile
- (let ((name-char "[-+a-zA-Z0-9_*]") (sym-char "[-+a-zA-Z0-9_:*]"))
- (list
- ;;
- ;; The symbol itself.
- (list (concat "\\`\\(" name-char "+\\)\\(\\(:\\)\\|\\('\\)\\)")
- '(1 (if (match-beginning 3)
- font-lock-function-name-face
- font-lock-variable-name-face)))
- ;;
- ;; Words inside `' which tend to be symbol names.
- (list (concat "`\\(" sym-char sym-char "+\\)'")
- 1 'font-lock-reference-face t)
- ;;
- ;; CLisp `:' keywords as references.
- (list (concat "\\<:" sym-char "+\\>") 0 'font-lock-reference-face t))))
- "Default expressions to highlight in Help mode.")
-
- (defun help-mode ()
- "Major mode for viewing help text.
- Entry to this mode runs the normal hook `help-mode-hook'.
- Commands:
- \\{help-mode-map}"
- (interactive)
- (kill-all-local-variables)
- (use-local-map help-mode-map)
- (setq mode-name "Help")
- (setq major-mode 'help-mode)
- (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
- (setq font-lock-defaults '(help-font-lock-keywords))
- (view-mode)
- (run-hooks 'help-mode-hook))
-
- (defun help-quit ()
- (interactive)
- nil)
-
- (defun help-with-tutorial ()
- "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial."
- (interactive)
- (let ((file (expand-file-name "~/TUTORIAL")))
- (delete-other-windows)
- (if (get-file-buffer file)
- (switch-to-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
- (switch-to-buffer (create-file-buffer file))
- (setq buffer-file-name file)
- (setq default-directory (expand-file-name "~/"))
- (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil)
- (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name "TUTORIAL" data-directory))
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (search-forward "\n<<")
- (beginning-of-line)
- (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
- (let ((n (- (window-height (selected-window))
- (count-lines (point-min) (point))
- 6)))
- (if (< n 12)
- (newline n)
- ;; Some people get confused by the large gap.
- (newline (/ n 2))
- (insert "[Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes. "
- "Text continues below]")
- (newline (- n (/ n 2)))))
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
-
- (defun describe-key-briefly (key)
- "Print the name of the function KEY invokes. KEY is a string."
- (interactive "kDescribe key briefly: ")
- ;; If this key seq ends with a down event, discard the
- ;; following click or drag event. Otherwise that would
- ;; erase the message.
- (let ((type (aref key (1- (length key)))))
- (if (listp type) (setq type (car type)))
- (and (symbolp type)
- (memq 'down (event-modifiers type))
- (read-event)))
- (save-excursion
- (let ((modifiers (event-modifiers (aref key 0)))
- window position)
- ;; For a mouse button event, go to the button it applies to
- ;; to get the right key bindings. And go to the right place
- ;; in case the keymap depends on where you clicked.
- (if (or (memq 'click modifiers) (memq 'down modifiers)
- (memq 'drag modifiers))
- (setq window (posn-window (event-start (aref key 0)))
- position (posn-point (event-start (aref key 0)))))
- (if (windowp window)
- (progn
- (set-buffer (window-buffer window))
- (goto-char position)))
- ;; Ok, now look up the key and name the command.
- (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
- (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
- (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
- (message (if (windowp window)
- "%s at that spot runs the command %s"
- "%s runs the command %s")
- (key-description key)
- (if (symbolp defn) defn (prin1-to-string defn))))))))
-
- (defun print-help-return-message (&optional function)
- "Display or return message saying how to restore windows after help command.
- Computes a message and applies the optional argument FUNCTION to it.
- If FUNCTION is nil, applies `message' to it, thus printing it."
- (and (not (get-buffer-window standard-output))
- (let ((first-message
- (cond ((or (member (buffer-name standard-output)
- special-display-buffer-names)
- (assoc (buffer-name standard-output)
- special-display-buffer-names)
- (let (found
- (tail special-display-regexps)
- (name (buffer-name standard-output)))
- (while (and tail (not found))
- (if (or (and (consp (car tail))
- (string-match (car (car tail)) name))
- (and (stringp (car tail))
- (string-match (car tail) name)))
- (setq found t))
- (setq tail (cdr tail)))
- found))
- ;; If the help output buffer is a special display buffer,
- ;; don't say anything about how to get rid of it.
- ;; First of all, the user will do that with the window
- ;; manager, not with Emacs.
- ;; Secondly, the buffer has not been displayed yet,
- ;; so we don't know whether its frame will be selected.
- ;; Even the message about scrolling the help
- ;; might be wrong, but it seems worth showing it anyway.
- nil)
- ((not (one-window-p t))
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer-other-window] RET to restore the other window.")
- (pop-up-windows
- "Type \\[delete-other-windows] to remove help window.")
- (t
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer] RET to remove help window."))))
- (funcall (or function 'message)
- (concat
- (if first-message
- (substitute-command-keys first-message)
- "")
- (if first-message " " "")
- ;; If the help buffer will go in a separate frame,
- ;; it's no use mentioning a command to scroll, so don't.
- (if (or (member (buffer-name standard-output)
- special-display-buffer-names)
- (assoc (buffer-name standard-output)
- special-display-buffer-names)
- (memq t (mapcar '(lambda (elt)
- (if (consp elt)
- (setq elt (car elt)))
- (string-match elt (buffer-name standard-output)))
- special-display-regexps)))
- nil
- (if (or (member (buffer-name standard-output)
- same-window-buffer-names)
- (assoc (buffer-name standard-output)
- same-window-buffer-names)
- (memq t (mapcar '(lambda (elt)
- (if (consp elt)
- (setq elt (car elt)))
- (string-match elt (buffer-name standard-output)))
- same-window-regexps)))
- ;; Say how to scroll this window.
- (substitute-command-keys
- "\\[scroll-up] to scroll the help.")
- ;; Say how to scroll some other window.
- (substitute-command-keys
- "\\[scroll-other-window] to scroll the help."))))))))
-
- (defun describe-key (key)
- "Display documentation of the function invoked by KEY. KEY is a string."
- (interactive "kDescribe key: ")
- ;; If this key seq ends with a down event, discard the
- ;; following click or drag event. Otherwise that would
- ;; erase the message.
- (let ((type (aref key (1- (length key)))))
- (if (listp type) (setq type (car type)))
- (and (symbolp type)
- (memq 'down (event-modifiers type))
- (read-event)))
- (save-excursion
- (let ((modifiers (event-modifiers (aref key 0)))
- window position)
- ;; For a mouse button event, go to the button it applies to
- ;; to get the right key bindings. And go to the right place
- ;; in case the keymap depends on where you clicked.
- (if (or (memq 'click modifiers) (memq 'down modifiers)
- (memq 'drag modifiers))
- (setq window (posn-window (event-start (aref key 0)))
- position (posn-point (event-start (aref key 0)))))
- (if (windowp window)
- (progn
- (set-buffer (window-buffer window))
- (goto-char position)))
- (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
- (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
- (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (princ (key-description key))
- (if (windowp window)
- (princ " at that spot"))
- (princ " runs the command ")
- (prin1 defn)
- (princ ":\n")
- (let ((doc (documentation defn)))
- (if doc
- (progn (terpri)
- (princ doc))
- (princ "not documented")))
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (help-mode))
- (print-help-return-message)))))))
-
- (defun describe-mode ()
- "Display documentation of current major mode and minor modes.
- For this to work correctly for a minor mode, the mode's indicator variable
- \(listed in `minor-mode-alist') must also be a function whose documentation
- describes the minor mode."
- (interactive)
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (let ((minor-modes minor-mode-alist)
- (first t)
- (locals (buffer-local-variables)))
- (while minor-modes
- (let* ((minor-mode (car (car minor-modes)))
- (indicator (car (cdr (car minor-modes))))
- (local-binding (assq minor-mode locals)))
- ;; Document a minor mode if it is listed in minor-mode-alist,
- ;; bound locally in this buffer, non-nil, and has a function
- ;; definition.
- (if (and local-binding
- (cdr local-binding)
- (fboundp minor-mode))
- (let ((pretty-minor-mode minor-mode))
- (if (string-match "-mode$" (symbol-name minor-mode))
- (setq pretty-minor-mode
- (capitalize
- (substring (symbol-name minor-mode)
- 0 (match-beginning 0)))))
- (while (and indicator (symbolp indicator))
- (setq indicator (symbol-value indicator)))
- (if first
- (princ "The minor modes are described first,
- followed by the major mode, which is described on the last page.\n\f\n"))
- (setq first nil)
- (princ (format "%s minor mode (%s):\n"
- pretty-minor-mode
- (if indicator
- (format "indicator%s" indicator)
- "no indicator")))
- (princ (documentation minor-mode))
- (princ "\n\f\n"))))
- (setq minor-modes (cdr minor-modes))))
- (princ mode-name)
- (princ " mode:\n")
- (princ (documentation major-mode))
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (help-mode))
- (print-help-return-message)))
-
- ;; So keyboard macro definitions are documented correctly
- (fset 'defining-kbd-macro (symbol-function 'start-kbd-macro))
-
- (defun describe-distribution ()
- "Display info on how to obtain the latest version of GNU Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only
- (expand-file-name "DISTRIB" data-directory)))
-
- (defun describe-copying ()
- "Display info on how you may redistribute copies of GNU Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only
- (expand-file-name "COPYING" data-directory))
- (goto-char (point-min)))
-
- (defun describe-project ()
- "Display info on the GNU project."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only
- (expand-file-name "GNU" data-directory))
- (goto-char (point-min)))
-
- (defun describe-no-warranty ()
- "Display info on all the kinds of warranty Emacs does NOT have."
- (interactive)
- (describe-copying)
- (let (case-fold-search)
- (search-forward "NO WARRANTY")
- (recenter 0)))
-
- (defun describe-prefix-bindings ()
- "Describe the bindings of the prefix used to reach this command.
- The prefix described consists of all but the last event
- of the key sequence that ran this command."
- (interactive)
- (let* ((key (this-command-keys)))
- (describe-bindings
- (if (stringp key)
- (substring key 0 (1- (length key)))
- (let ((prefix (make-vector (1- (length key)) nil))
- (i 0))
- (while (< i (length prefix))
- (aset prefix i (aref key i))
- (setq i (1+ i)))
- prefix)))))
- ;; Make C-h after a prefix, when not specifically bound,
- ;; run describe-prefix-bindings.
- (setq prefix-help-command 'describe-prefix-bindings)
-
- (defun view-emacs-news ()
- "Display info on recent changes to Emacs."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only (expand-file-name "NEWS" data-directory)))
-
- (defun view-emacs-FAQ ()
- "Display the Emacs Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) file."
- (interactive)
- (find-file-read-only (expand-file-name "FAQ" data-directory)))
-
- (defun view-lossage ()
- "Display last 100 input keystrokes."
- (interactive)
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (princ (mapconcat (function (lambda (key)
- (if (or (integerp key)
- (symbolp key)
- (listp key))
- (single-key-description key)
- (prin1-to-string key nil))))
- (recent-keys)
- " "))
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (goto-char (point-min))
- (while (progn (move-to-column 50) (not (eobp)))
- (search-forward " " nil t)
- (insert "\n"))
- (help-mode))
- (print-help-return-message)))
-
- (defalias 'help 'help-for-help)
- (make-help-screen help-for-help
- "a b c f C-f i k C-k l m n p s t v w C-c C-d C-n C-w, or ? for more help:"
- "You have typed \\[help-command], the help character. Type a Help option:
- \(Use SPC or DEL to scroll through this text. Type \\<help-map>\\[help-quit] to exit the Help command.)
-
- a command-apropos. Give a substring, and see a list of commands
- (functions interactively callable) that contain
- that substring. See also the apropos command.
- b describe-bindings. Display table of all key bindings.
- c describe-key-briefly. Type a command key sequence;
- it prints the function name that sequence runs.
- f describe-function. Type a function name and get documentation of it.
- C-f Info-goto-emacs-command-node. Type a function name;
- it takes you to the Info node for that command.
- F view-emacs-FAQ. Shows emacs frequently asked questions file.
- i info. The info documentation reader.
- k describe-key. Type a command key sequence;
- it displays the full documentation.
- C-k Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node. Type a command key sequence;
- it takes you to the Info node for the command bound to that key.
- l view-lossage. Shows last 100 characters you typed.
- m describe-mode. Print documentation of current major mode,
- which describes the commands peculiar to it.
- n view-emacs-news. Shows emacs news file.
- p finder-by-keyword. Find packages matching a given topic keyword.
- s describe-syntax. Display contents of syntax table, plus explanations
- t help-with-tutorial. Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial.
- v describe-variable. Type name of a variable;
- it displays the variable's documentation and value.
- w where-is. Type command name; it prints which keystrokes
- invoke that command.
- C-c print Emacs copying permission (General Public License).
- C-d print Emacs ordering information.
- C-n print news of recent Emacs changes.
- C-p print information about the GNU project.
- C-w print information on absence of warranty for GNU Emacs."
- help-map)
-
- ;; Return a function which is called by the list containing point.
- ;; If that gives no function, return a function whose name is around point.
- ;; If that doesn't give a function, return nil.
- (defun function-called-at-point ()
- (or (condition-case ()
- (save-excursion
- (save-restriction
- (narrow-to-region (max (point-min) (- (point) 1000)) (point-max))
- (backward-up-list 1)
- (forward-char 1)
- (let (obj)
- (setq obj (read (current-buffer)))
- (and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj))))
- (error nil))
- (condition-case ()
- (let ((stab (syntax-table)))
- (unwind-protect
- (save-excursion
- (set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
- (or (not (zerop (skip-syntax-backward "_w")))
- (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?w)
- (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?_)
- (forward-sexp -1))
- (skip-chars-forward "'")
- (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
- (and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj)))
- (set-syntax-table stab)))
- (error nil))))
-
- (defun describe-function-find-file (function)
- (let ((files load-history)
- file functions)
- (while files
- (if (memq function (cdr (car files)))
- (setq file (car (car files)) files nil))
- (setq files (cdr files)))
- file))
-
- (defun describe-function (function)
- "Display the full documentation of FUNCTION (a symbol)."
- (interactive
- (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
- (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
- val)
- (setq val (completing-read (if fn
- (format "Describe function (default %s): " fn)
- "Describe function: ")
- obarray 'fboundp t))
- (list (if (equal val "")
- fn (intern val)))))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (prin1 function)
- (princ ": ")
- (let* ((def (symbol-function function))
- file-name
- (beg (if (commandp def) "an interactive " "a ")))
- (princ (cond ((or (stringp def)
- (vectorp def))
- "a keyboard macro")
- ((subrp def)
- (concat beg "built-in function"))
- ((byte-code-function-p def)
- (concat beg "compiled Lisp function"))
- ((symbolp def)
- (format "alias for `%s'" def))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
- (concat beg "Lisp function"))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
- "a Lisp macro")
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'mocklisp)
- "a mocklisp function")
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
- (setq file-name (nth 1 def))
- (format "%s autoloaded Lisp %s"
- (if (commandp def) "an interactive" "an")
- (if (nth 4 def) "macro" "function")
- ))
- (t "")))
- (or file-name
- (setq file-name (describe-function-find-file function)))
- (if file-name
- (progn
- (princ " in `")
- ;; We used to add .el to the file name,
- ;; but that's completely wrong when the user used load-file.
- (princ file-name)
- (princ "'")))
- (princ ".")
- (terpri)
- (let ((arglist (cond ((byte-code-function-p def)
- (car (append def nil)))
- ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
- (nth 1 def))
- (t t))))
- (if (listp arglist)
- (progn
- (princ (cons function
- (mapcar (lambda (arg)
- (if (memq arg '(&optional &rest))
- arg
- (intern (upcase (symbol-name arg)))))
- arglist)))
- (terpri))))
- (let ((doc (documentation function)))
- (if doc
- (progn (terpri)
- (princ doc))
- (princ "not documented"))))
- (print-help-return-message)
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (help-mode)
- ;; Return the text we displayed.
- (buffer-string))))
-
- (defun variable-at-point ()
- (condition-case ()
- (let ((stab (syntax-table)))
- (unwind-protect
- (save-excursion
- (set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
- (or (not (zerop (skip-syntax-backward "_w")))
- (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?w)
- (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?_)
- (forward-sexp -1))
- (skip-chars-forward "'")
- (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
- (and (symbolp obj) (boundp obj) obj)))
- (set-syntax-table stab)))
- (error nil)))
-
- (defun describe-variable (variable)
- "Display the full documentation of VARIABLE (a symbol).
- Returns the documentation as a string, also."
- (interactive
- (let ((v (variable-at-point))
- (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
- val)
- (setq val (completing-read (if v
- (format "Describe variable (default %s): " v)
- "Describe variable: ")
- obarray 'boundp t))
- (list (if (equal val "")
- v (intern val)))))
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
- (prin1 variable)
- (if (not (boundp variable))
- (princ " is void")
- (princ "'s value is ")
- (prin1 (symbol-value variable)))
- (terpri)
- (if (local-variable-p variable)
- (progn
- (princ (format "Local in buffer %s; " (buffer-name)))
- (if (not (default-boundp variable))
- (princ "globally void")
- (princ "global value is ")
- (prin1 (default-value variable)))
- (terpri)))
- (terpri)
- (princ "Documentation:")
- (terpri)
- (let ((doc (documentation-property variable 'variable-documentation)))
- (princ (or doc "not documented as a variable.")))
- (print-help-return-message)
- (save-excursion
- (set-buffer standard-output)
- (help-mode)
- ;; Return the text we displayed.
- (buffer-string))))
-
- (defun where-is (definition)
- "Print message listing key sequences that invoke specified command.
- Argument is a command definition, usually a symbol with a function definition."
- (interactive
- (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
- (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
- val)
- (setq val (completing-read (if fn
- (format "Where is command (default %s): " fn)
- "Where is command: ")
- obarray 'fboundp t))
- (list (if (equal val "")
- fn (intern val)))))
- (let* ((keys (where-is-internal definition overriding-local-map nil nil))
- (keys1 (mapconcat 'key-description keys ", ")))
- (if (> (length keys1) 0)
- (message "%s is on %s" definition keys1)
- (message "%s is not on any key" definition)))
- nil)
-
- (defun locate-library (library &optional nosuffix)
- "Show the full path name of Emacs library LIBRARY.
- This command searches the directories in `load-path' like `M-x load-library'
- to find the file that `M-x load-library RET LIBRARY RET' would load.
- Optional second arg NOSUFFIX non-nil means don't add suffixes `.elc' or `.el'
- to the specified name LIBRARY (a la calling `load' instead of `load-library')."
- (interactive "sLocate library: ")
- (catch 'answer
- (mapcar
- '(lambda (dir)
- (mapcar
- '(lambda (suf)
- (let ((try (expand-file-name (concat library suf) dir)))
- (and (file-readable-p try)
- (null (file-directory-p try))
- (progn
- (message "Library is file %s" try)
- (throw 'answer try)))))
- (if nosuffix '("") '(".elc" ".el" ""))))
- load-path)
- (message "No library %s in search path" library)
- nil))
-
- ;;; help.el ends here
-